Since it first made national headlines in late 2015, the Zika virus has been in and out of the news. Because the disease has only affected a minimal amount of people in the U.S., it may seem like there isn't much to worry about. However, Zika has spread to nearly all countries in the Americas and the Caribbean as well as some of Singapore and Cape Verde, according to the U.S. Centers For Disease Control and Prevention.
Here's what you should know about the Zika virus:
Who's at risk?
Anyone who comes in contact with mosquitoes carrying Zika is at risk for contracting the disease. However, young children, seniors and pregnant women have the most risk of complications. Those who travel to countries with increased numbers of infections are also at a greater risk of contracting the illness.
What are the symptoms?
For most people, symptoms of the Zika virus are usually mild and last only about one week. According to the CDC, symptoms include redness of the eyes, rashes, fever, fatigue and joint pain. Because these symptoms are similar to those of other illnesses, many people with Zika might not even know they have it.
How does Zika affect pregnant women?
While symptoms for pregnant women are generally the same as those for other people, the illness can also spread to unborn children. It's possible that an unborn child with Zika could develop microcephaly, a condition which can lead to impaired growth, eye problems and hearing loss.
What is Guillain-Barre syndrome?
There is also some evidence that Zika may cause increased cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome – though the link is still under investigation. The Mayo Clinic reported that Guillain-Barre syndrome is an ailment that causes the immune system to attack the nervous system. Symptoms include weakness, prickling sensations in appendages, poor bladder control and muscle cramps. While there isn't a full cure for the syndrome, most people can make a full recovery.
What steps can be taken to prevent exposure?
The main ways to prevent Zika infection are to prevent mosquito bites and plan travel accordingly. Using insect repellent and wearing long sleeves and pants are good ways to lower the risk of getting bitten. Before traveling, you should always check the CDC website for destination-specific warnings.
Following these preventive methods should keep travelers safe. If think you might have been exposed to Zika, make an appointment to see your doctor. Only a health care professional can diagnose the disease.
